Post-COVID-19 endogenous endophthalmitis case series and review of literature.

PURPOSE: To describe a series of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) patients from a multispecialty tertiary hospital in North India. METHODS: A retrospective chart review including all consecutive cases with EE following confirmed COVID-19 disease from July 2020 to June 2021. RESULTS: Seven eyes of four patients (three female and one male) were included. Two patients had confirmed bilateral fungal (Aspergillus sp.) EE and two patients had presumed fungal EE (one bilateral and one unilateral). Three of these four patients received systemic steroids as part of COVID-19 treatment previously. Five eyes were managed with initial intravitreal injection (IVI), followed by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and two eyes were managed with only IVI. All patients received systemic antifungal agents. Intraocular inflammation resolved in all eyes with treatment. One patient of EE also developed voriconazole-induced transient visual hallucination, which resolved on discontinuing the medication. CONCLUSION: This case series represents a series of EE cases following COVID-19 disease or its sequelae or as a result of prior treatment for COVID-19. Ophthalmologists and physicians must be vigilant about these complications and initiate prompt management at the earliest.

Lens Coloboma: A Rare Association of Congenital Rubella Syndrome.

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) may affect all ocular structures in general, either in isolation or in combination. Typical ocular complications in CRS include cataracts, microcornea, microphthalmia, glaucoma, nystagmus, and retinopathy. We report a case of a four-year-old girl who presented with bilateral total cataracts with sensory nystagmus, a poorly dilating pupil, iris hypoplasia, high axial myopia in the right eye (RE), and a retinal detachment in the left eye (LE). The systemic evaluation revealed microcephaly with an associated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and mild pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Based on these findings, the child was diagnosed with clinically confirmed CRS. The child was taken up for right-eye cataract surgery. Intra-operatively, a lens coloboma involving the temporal equator of the lens along with a highly tessellated fundus was noted. Two weeks post-cataract surgery, the child had a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6/24. However, four weeks after the surgery, the child developed total rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the right eye, for which pars plana vitrectomy with endolaser and silicon oil tamponade was done. Four weeks later, the child's BCVA in the right eye was 6/36, which was maintained until the last follow-up of four months. Lens coloboma may be isolated or may occur in association with chorioretinal coloboma. Ours is the first case of unilateral atypical lens coloboma associated with high myopia and bilateral cataracts in a patient with congenital rubella syndrome. Lens colobomas with high myopia have not been reported previously as ocular associations of CRS. Our case highlights that in children with CRS presenting with unilateral or bilateral congenital cataracts, the possibility of lenticular coloboma as a coexistent association should be kept in mind while taking these cases for cataract surgery.